Global Environment Outlook 4 (GEO-4)

Publisher: UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity), SBSTTA (Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice, Publication date: October 2007 , Published in series: Global Environment Outlook (GEO)

The Global Environment Outlook (GEO) is the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) flagship assessment process and report series. The fourth report in the series, GEO-4, provides an overview of the global and regional environmental, social and economic state-and-trends over the past two decades. It highlights the interlinkages, challenges and opportunities which the environment provides for developmen and human well-being. The report also presents an outlook, using four scenarios to explore plausible futures to the year 2050, as well as policy options to address present and emerging environmental issues.

See the Global Environment Outlook 4 (GEO-4) web-site for full details.

Agriculture land use distribution - croplands and pasture land The World's agricultural land is used in different ways, depending on climatic and soil factors, but also related to cultural and social issues. The majority of croplands, where rice, wheat, legumes [..]
Atmospheric concentration of CO2 No data
Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 over the last 10 000 years No data.
Biodiversity loss: state and scenarios 2006 and 2050 These projections of biodiversity loss from 2000 to 2050 were produced by the GLOBIO consortium for UNEP's Global Environment Outlook 4. Across the GEO scenarios and regions, global biodiversity [..]
Changes in global water use by sector No data.
CO2 emissions from fossil fuels by region No data.
Coastal population and altered land cover in coastal zones (100 km of coastline) Coastal areas with high population densities are those with the most shoreline degradation or alteration. Densely populated areas close to seas are also the most attractive for a lot of economic [..]
Coastal population and shoreline degradation No data
Comparison of per capita water use by region No data
Conflict in Sierra Leone and Liberia, and refugee settlement in Guinea No data
Contamination in Central Asia's Ferghana-Osh-Khudjand area No data
Declines in carbon in living biomass and in extent of forest No data.
Defining and measuring biodiversity No data
Degree of protection of terrestrial ecoregions and large marine ecosystems (per cent) No data
Disaster preparedness and well-being No data
Domestic extraction used in EU-15 compared to imports of industrial minerals and ores No data
Droughts - risk and vulnerability (economic loss, as a proportion of GDP density) Disasters and natural hazards represents one strong aspect of vulnerability for the exposed and poor of the World. With climate change, the frequency of certain natural hazards are expected to [..]
Ecological creditors and debtors No data
Effect of international agreements on the predicted abundance of ODS in the stratosphere 1980–2100 No data.
Examples of current and possible future impacts and vulnerabilities associated with climate variability and change in Africa No data
Exploitation status of marine fish stocks No data.
Global and regional targets and monitoring programs No data
Global glacier mass – annual variability and cumulative values No data.
Global total equivalent carbon emissions from anthropogenic sources by sector No data
Gross domestic product – purchasing power parity per capita No data.
Harmful effects of ecosystem changes on human health No data
Highest risk hot spots by natural hazard type No data
Household final consumption expenditure (European Union) No data
Humanity’s ecological footprint No data
Increasing frequency and area of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the East China Sea No data
International governance-environment-development-trade interlinkages Notes: Norms, procedures, rules, and principles are operating between regimes Green lines represent stronger and more direct connections. Brown lines represent less direct links.
Linkages and feedback loops among desertification, global climate change and biodiversity loss No data
Mapping environmental problems according to management and reversibility No data
Mobile phones, per 1 000 people, by region No data.
Multiple environmental changes and their effects on human well-being constituents and determinants No data
Natural hazard hotspots, by risk type Disasters and natural hazards represents one strong aspect of vulnerability for the exposed and poor of the World. With climate change, the frequency of certain natural hazards are expected to [..]
Number of passenger cars, by region No data.
Number of people affected by climate-related disasters in developing and developed countries No data
Number of people affected by disasters of natural origin in SIDS No data.
Number of people affected by disasters of natural origin in SIDS No data.
Observed warming over the 20th century compared with climate model calculations No data.
Our Shrinking Earth No data
Paths to reach a 400 ppm CO2-equivalent greenhouse gas concentration target (Kyoto gas emissions plus land use CO2) No data.
PCDD (dioxin) in the atmosphere and deposition, 2003 No data.
Per capita CO2 emissions at the regional level in 2003 No data.
Physical destruction of coastal aquatic ecosystems in Meso-America No data
Pollutants paths to the Arctic No data.
Population density in drylands of the World Drylands, the arid regions of the World between temperate regions and deserts, are subjects to long seasons with very little precipitation and drought spells sometimes lasting over several years. The [..]
Quantitative targets for Japan's 3R Policy for 2000-2010 No data
Ratification of major multilateral environmental agreements No data.
Recommendations from some recent UN environmental governance reform processes No data
Restoration of the Mesopotamian marshes in Iraq No data.
Scenarios No data
Status of terrestrial ecoregions No data.
Status of terrestrial ecoregions - threats and vulnerabilities In a World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) study, experts identified 200 periority terrestrial ecoregions - defined as large scale ecological systems with characteristic flora, fauna and climate with [..]
The Living Planet Index measures trends in the abundance of species for which data is available This indicator has been adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity to measure progress towards the 2010 target
The potential impact of a 5-metre sea level rise in Florida (left) and Southeast Asia (right) No data
The situation in relation to (a) drinking water and (b) sanitation coverage, 2004 No data.
Time scales and sea level rise No data.
Total area under protected status No data
Total forest area by region No data.
Total primary energy supply by energy source No data.
Trade, growth and the environment No data
Trends in POPs and mercury in eggs of Thick-billed murres No data
Urban sprawl, Las Vegas No data
Vulnerability to drought and impacts on well-being No data
Waste trafficking No data

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Global Environment Outlook 4 (GEO-4)